- antibacterial (penicillin class)
Brands/Synonyms , Amoxi-Tabs, Amoxident, Amoxil, Amoxycillin,Amoram, Amoxsan
Amoxi, Amoxi-Drops, Amoxi-Inject DisperMox, Galenamox, Moxatag
Therapeutics
Interactions
Synergistic antibacterial effect with aminoglycosides (but not synergistic for adverse/toxic effects)
Avoid coadministration with doxycycline, because doxycycline reduces cell protein synthesis required for formation of cell walls, the substrate on which penicillins act (i.e., coadministration predisposes to treatment failure)
Synergistic antibacterial effect with aminoglycosides (but not synergistic for adverse/toxic effects)
Avoid coadministration with doxycycline, because doxycycline reduces cell protein synthesis required for formation of cell walls, the substrate on which penicillins act (i.e., coadministration predisposes to treatment failure)
Soundalike Alert
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
Available Formulations
Tab
50, 100, 200, 250, 400, 500 mg
Cap
250, 500 mg
Oral solution
25, 50 mg/mL
Indications
Dog
Gram-positive aerobic bacterial infections (e.g., pyoderma)
10-20
mg/kg PO q 12h
Dog
Leptospirosis
22
mg/kg PO q 8h
Dog
Helicobacteriosis
50
mg/kg PO q 12h
Cat
Cat bite abscesses
11-22
mg/kg PO q 12h
Cat
Helicobacteriosis
20
mg/kg PO q 12h
Dog
Gram-positive aerobic bacterial infections (e.g., pyoderma)
10-20
mg/kg PO q 12h
Dog
Leptospirosis
22
mg/kg PO q 8h
Dog
Helicobacteriosis
50
mg/kg PO q 12h
Cat
Cat bite abscesses
11-22
mg/kg PO q 12h
Cat
Helicobacteriosis
20
mg/kg PO q 12h
Precautions
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the drug, both humans handling the drug (penicillin allergy) and animals receiving it
Resistant infections (common: 6% rate of single drug resistance and 28% rate of multidrug resistance including amoxicillin for E. coli infections in dogs)
Ineffective for borreliosis/Lyme disease
Lack of benefit in feline upper respiratory infection
Hypersensitivity to the drug, both humans handling the drug (penicillin allergy) and animals receiving it
Resistant infections (common: 6% rate of single drug resistance and 28% rate of multidrug resistance including amoxicillin for E. coli infections in dogs)
Ineffective for borreliosis/Lyme disease
Lack of benefit in feline upper respiratory infection
Adverse Side Effects
Occasional anorexia, inappetence, vomiting, which resolve with discontinuation of the drug
Fanconi syndrome associated with amoxicillin treatment in a dog
Among the lowest reported rate of adverse effects (7.5%) for antibacterials according to owner surveys
Occasional anorexia, inappetence, vomiting, which resolve with discontinuation of the drug
Fanconi syndrome associated with amoxicillin treatment in a dog
Among the lowest reported rate of adverse effects (7.5%) for antibacterials according to owner surveys
Teratogenicity/Pregnancy/Lactation
Rodent studies suggest amoxicillin is generally safe in pregnancy and lactation
Rodent studies suggest amoxicillin is generally safe in pregnancy and lactation
Pearls
Example of rate of bacterial resistance: 33% (130/396) of E. coli infections in dogs are
resistant to amoxicillin
Renal excretion means heightened concentration of amoxicillin in urine, disproportionately
more effective for bacterial cystitis
Endotoxemia reduces elimination by 2- to 3-fold in dogs; consider longer interdose interval
if sepsis is suspected
Food, water reduce absorption of amoxicillin, but all tablets should be followed by an oral
dose of water (and/or for practical reasons of compliance for many owners, a small treat)
to ensure passage to the stomach
Oral amoxillin has far superior absorption compared to oral ampicillin
Anecdotal reports of greater incidence of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in animals
treated with beta-lactam antibacterials like amoxicillin; judicious use of such
antibacterials is recommended in general and in these patients in particular
Example of rate of bacterial resistance: 33% (130/396) of E. coli infections in dogs are
resistant to amoxicillin
resistant to amoxicillin
Renal excretion means heightened concentration of amoxicillin in urine, disproportionately
more effective for bacterial cystitis
more effective for bacterial cystitis
Endotoxemia reduces elimination by 2- to 3-fold in dogs; consider longer interdose interval
if sepsis is suspected
if sepsis is suspected
Food, water reduce absorption of amoxicillin, but all tablets should be followed by an oral
dose of water (and/or for practical reasons of compliance for many owners, a small treat)
to ensure passage to the stomach
dose of water (and/or for practical reasons of compliance for many owners, a small treat)
to ensure passage to the stomach
Oral amoxillin has far superior absorption compared to oral ampicillin
Anecdotal reports of greater incidence of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in animals
treated with beta-lactam antibacterials like amoxicillin; judicious use of such
antibacterials is recommended in general and in these patients in particular
treated with beta-lactam antibacterials like amoxicillin; judicious use of such
antibacterials is recommended in general and in these patients in particular
References
PubMed – 20102505
PubMed – 8968890
PubMed – 18539493
PubMed – 7820765
PubMed – 20102505
PubMed – 8968890
PubMed – 18539493
PubMed – 7820765
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